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微博改变中国/宏斌云

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微博改变中国

宏斌云


以前曾经说过,合同法改变中国。而现在要说的是,微博改变中国。近期观察微发生的无数作用,说微博改变中国是一点不差的。
进一步来说,合同法和微博都在改变中国。而合同法改变中国,是从理念上发生作用的。而微博改变中国,这是从社会上来发生作用的。其作用的层面和方式有所不同。合同法让这个社会中的的人群确立起了人格观念、平等观念、契约观念、诉讼观念、法律观念,完成了精神上的转型和进化,等等。这一系列观念的植入和确立,是深刻的,也是社会中其他变化产生的精神基础。微博这个特殊的媒体工具,使得这个社会中的的人群,可以来重新审查这个社会以及这个社会中的各种事项,并改造之,整合之,这是从社会层面上的改造。
现在正是微博充分发挥作用的时候,从近期发生的一系列事件中,使得大家已经深切感受到了微博的威力。要说的一句话是,微博改造社会有力焉,并因此反过来改变人群的精神。并且,微博也在正发生着作用,发生着改造社会的作用。并将继续发生改造社会的作用,从广度上、深度上推进着。
微博不只是微博,它不只是一种技术手段。这是一种媒体的新形式,是一种自媒体,是一种社会意识的表达途径。它反映出人群的意识,方便,快捷,平面,直接。试问,其他的任何一种媒体,谁能有微博的这些优势,这是明确的,这些媒体都没有微博这些优势。于是,微博就有了更加广泛的应用,也更加具有了更加广泛的效果。
微博改变中国,已经改变中国,正在改变中国,还将改变中国。这个融合了博客和即时通讯两种网络形式的新形式,就这样出现在这里,就这样为广大的人群接受和使用,就这样发生着越来越大的作用。
微博的作用多矣。充分表达意识是其一。意见交流是其二。及时性是其三。深入性是其四。监督性是其五。舆论性是其六。实效性是其七。

国家税务总局关于个人所得税有关政策衔接问题的通知(附英文)

国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于个人所得税有关政策衔接问题的通知(附英文)
国家税务总局



各省、自治区、直辖市税务局,各计划单列市税务局,海洋石油税务管理局各分局:
为了贯彻落实好个人所得税法及其实施条例的有关规定,经研究,现对实施个人所得税法后,与原个人收入调节税、城乡个体工商业户所得税的一些政策衔接问题明确如下:
一、对于按照国发〔1993〕79号《国务院关于机关和事业单位工作人员工资制度改革问题的通知》精神,实行工资制度改革,于1994年补发的工资,应区别不同情况征税。属于补发1993年第四季度各月的工资,应与原发工资合并计征个人收入调节税;属于1994年的
工资,应按个人所得税法及其实施条例的有关规定征收个人所得税,其中未纳入工资总额的原补贴、津贴差额部分,暂免征收个人所得税。
二、个人于1994年1月1日后取得属于以前年度的应税所得,应按该所得所属期限适用的税收法律、法规计征税款。
三、对于查出的属于1994年以前年度的应税所得,应按其所属时期的适用税收法律、法规补征税款和进行处理。
四、对属于按查账征收办法征收所得税的个体工商户,其1993年度应纳的所得税,应按照城乡个体工商户所得税暂行条例的有关规定进行汇算清缴。
五、对于私营企业1993年及以前年度未分配的税后利润,应在1993年度所得税汇算清缴结束前,按有关规定进行分配,并计征个人收入调节税。仍不进行分配的,其未分配利润的50%视同用于个人消费,并按40%的税率计征个人收入调节税。
六、1993年12月31日以前国家统一税收政策已明确规定免征个人收入调节税的债券,在1994年1月1日以后支付的利息,免征个人所得税。
特此通知,请遵照执行。

CIRCULAR ON QUESTIONS CONCERNING LINKS OF POLICIES ON INDIVIDUALINCOME TAX

(State Administration of Taxation: 8 March 1994 Coded Guo Shui Fa[1994] No. 045)

Whole Doc.

To the tax bureaus of various provinces, autonomous regions and
municipalities, to the tax bureaus of various cities with independent
planning and to various sub-bureaus of the Offshore Oil Tax
Administration:
In order to properly implement the relevant stipulations of the
Individual Income Tax Law and Regulations on Its Implementation, after
study, we hereby clarify some questions concerning the links of policies
on the original individual income regulatory tax and the income tax of
urban and rural individual industrial and commercial units as follows:
I. With regard to the back pay given for 1994 due to reform of the
wage system conducted in the spirit of the Circular of the State Council
on Questions Concerning Reform of the Wage System for Personnel of
Organizations and Institutions Coded Guo Fa [1993] No. 79, tax shall be
levied in light of different circumstances. the back pay given for various
months of the fourth quarter of 1993 shall be merged with the originally
issued wages on which individual income regulatory tax is calculated and
levied; for wages belonging to 1994, individual income tax shall be levied
in accordance with relevant stipulations of the Individual Income Tax Law
and Regulations for Its Implementation, individual income tax is
temporarily exempt from the differences of the original subsidies and
allowances which have not been incorporated into the total amount of
wages.
II. For the taxable income earned by an individual after January 1,
1994 but belonging to previous years, tax shall be calculated and levied
in accordance with the applicable tax laws and regulations in the period
during which the income is earned.
III. With regard to taxable income ferreted out as belonging to years
before 1994, the overdue tax shall be levied and dealt with in accordance
with the applicable tax laws and regulations of the period to which the
taxable income belongs.
IV. With regard to individual industrial and commercial units whose
income tax is levied in light of the method of auditing account, a final
settlement shall be made in accordance with relevant stipulations of the
Provisional Regulations for Income Tax on Urban and Rural Individual
Industrial and Commercial Units in regard to their payable income tax for
1993.
V. For the post-tax profits earned by private enterprises in 1993 and
the previous years which have not yet been distributed, distribution shall
be conducted in accordance with relevant stipulations before the end of a
final settlement of the income tax for 1993, and individual income
regulatory tax shall be calculated and levied. If distribution is still
not conducted, 50 percent of the undistributed profits shall be regarded
as money of personal consumption and individual income regulatory tax
shall be calculated and levied at a 40 percent tax rate.
VI. For bonds from which individual income regulatory tax is exempt
as clearly set in unified state tax policies before December 31, 1993,
individual income is exempt from the interest which was paid after January
1, 1994.
The circular is hereby specially issued, please put it into practice.



1994年3月8日

财政部、国家税务总局关于报废汽车回收拆解企业有关增值税政策的通知

财政部、国家税务总局


财政部、国家税务总局关于报废汽车回收拆解企业有关增值税政策的通知

财税[2003]116号


各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市财政厅(局)、国家税务局,新疆生产建设兵团财务局:
经研究,现将报废汽车回收拆解企业有关增值税问题通知如下:
报废汽车回收企业属于废旧物资回收经营单位,可按照《财政部国家税务总局关于废旧物资回收经营业务有关增值税政策的通知》(财税【2001】78号)执行。
本通知自2003年6月1日起执行,《国家税务总局关于报废汽车回收企业增值税政策问题的批复》(国税函[2003]16号)同时废止。

财政部 国家税务总局
二○○三年五月十四日